Hamlet And His Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 567 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Hamlet is a man with a lot of goals to meet, but he overthinks everything too much. Every chance he gets to pursue his goal, he overthinks it causing him to not be able to act accordingly. Hamlet contemplates killing himself but finds himself unable to. Hamlet proves his inability to act when he procrastinate on killing Claudius over and over again. He did not kill him while Claudius was praying. He finds it hard to act on killing his mother even though he is sure that she broke her marriage vows.. In act 1 scene 2, Hamlets contemplates suicide but talks himself out of it, Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt Or that the Everlasting had not fixd His canon gainst self-slaughter! O God! God! How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world!. In this quote Hamlet starts off by saying he wishes his skin would melt basically saying he wants to die because life seems to tired, stale, and pointless, but God has forbidden suicide. In the To be or not to be speech in Act 3 scene 1, Hamlet talks about commiting suicide but he is too scared to find out what lies beyond death. He believes that death is just a sleep. A sleep where you dream, but that is the problem. He is scared of what dreams will come. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hamlet And His Life" essay for you Create order Hamlet refuses to believe that his mother broke her wedding vows making it harder for him to kill her. When he enters her room in act 3 scene 4, he has full intent to kill her, but he never does. He just keeps asking her questions. She confesses and pleas to Hamlet that she has sins in her sole that are black and thick and will never wash away, yet Hamlet still refuses to kill her proving that he is unable to act when the time is right. Hamlet wants to kill Claudius because the ghost of King Hamlet told Hamlet that Claudius killed him. The ghost of King Hamlet wants Hamlet to avenge his death. In act 1 scene 5 he says Haste me to know t, that I, with wings as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love. May sweep to my revenge. Hamlet believes the ghost wants to hurry and kill Claudius. He begins procrastinating on this thought when he says The time is out of joint. He doubts that the ghost is real so he starts procrastinating creating The Mousetrap which is a play reenactment of the death of Hamlets father. Instead of just killing Claudius, Hamlet sits through the play until there is hard evidence of Claudius acting strange out of guilt. Even though Hamlet now knows Claudius is guilty, he is given the perfect shot to kill Claudius while he is praying, but he blows it because he believes that if he kills Claudius while he is praying then Claudius will be sent to heaven and Hamlet doesnt want that to happen. In the end Hamlet finally gets everything he wants done, but in sacrifice of his own life. If Hamlet had began to work toward what he wanted without overthinking it and procrastinating then it mightve gotten done and he could have lived. Instead Hamlet killed Claudius, his mother, and he dies like he always talked about. Cited page https://prezi.com/zzpp7wt3qoda/hamlet-tragic-flaw/ https://shakespeare.mit.edu/hamlet/full.html

Analysis of an Advertisement Essay - 1018 Words

Analysis of an Advertisement Every woman wants diamonds because they are beautiful, rare, and are a symbol of success. There is something about diamonds that make every woman want one. Diamonds make a woman feel bold, sophisticated, and powerful. Something magazine recently published a diamond ad for A Diamond Is Forever.Com. A Diamond Is Forever . Com is a website that does not sell diamonds, but displays all the new styles of diamonds and how to purchase or create the perfect diamond for a customer. In this ad they are advertising a new style of diamond ring called the right hand ring. The advertisement is of a young, beautiful woman staring directly at you with a seductive look. On her right had she is wearing a†¦show more content†¦The woman in the picture has a look confidence on her face showing her empowerment of wearing a diamond ring. Although there are many words in the text, the slogan â€Å"A Diamond Is Forever† makes diamonds seem sophisticated and extraordinary. There is no e xtra emphasis on these words so the simplicity of the ad remains untouched by them. The simplicity of this ad as a whole gives its audience no choice but to look. While the ad is simple, it is also bold. The ad is primarily black with a spotlight on the diamond making is shine brightly in the center of the page. The intensity of the diamond, which is the brightest object on the page, immediately reveals what the ad is for. The contrasting colors in the ad encapsulate the audiences’ attention immediately. The words at the bottom of the page are written in all capital, bold letters. These bold features all work together to make this ad one that practically jumps off the page and into your mind. The unique text of this advertisement also plays a role in its effectiveness. Powerful text with a bold meaning is one of the most important parts in achieving an interesting advertisement. Text should be short enough to read, but detailed enough to get a point across. The text of this advertisement appeals to women. Within the text, references are made about both women’s left and right hands. Since the ad is for a new style of a diamondShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Advertisement1539 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2010 An Analysis of Advertisement In the Hunter/Gatherer section of Omnivore’s Dilemma, Pollan talks about what it takes to accomplish the task of developing a meal on his own; consequently, the people of today’s society are so used to the abundance of food that they have no idea what all is involved in establishing a full meal. Americans take this great abundance of food for granted, which causes an increased craving for more. This is where the world of advertisement has been the strongestRead MoreAdvertisements and Their Analysis1556 Words   |  7 PagesFavourite advertisements: â€Å"Cadbury Diary Milk â€Å"chocolates Objective of Advertising : †¢ Cadbury’s decision to position Diary Milk as a dessert opened up new avenues of marketing in terms of a new target customers and instance of purchase. This could lead to generating higher business by an increase in Sales within newly formed target customer or the newly created purchase occasions, in order to encourage them to purchase diary milk and recommend to others. †¢ It’s a persuasive advertising -: itsRead MoreAdvertisement Analysis : Budweiser s Advertisement1310 Words   |  6 PagesIn Budweiser’s advertisement, â€Å"Friends are Waiting,† they try to send a message to all the drinkers out there in the world. The commercial aims its focus on people that are over 21, but it can also effect people who will be 21 in the future. It gets the watcher to think about his or her decision-making skills. It makes them think that Budweiser is a company that cares about its customers and that it’s different from those other companies who just want them to purchase their product. Budweiser usesRead MoreAdvertisement Analysis2091 Words   |  9 PagesSpalding NEVER FLATâ„ ¢ Advertisement Analyzed â€Å"Promise, large promise, is the soul of an advertisement† (Samuel). This quotation claims that a promise, as the soul, is an essential part of any advertisement – it means that a promise is always present in an ad. This has always been true even in a long time ago since it was written by the famous writer Johnson Samuel who lived in the 1700s (Lynch). Furthermore, even in those past years, it can be concluded that advertisements had already greatly influencedRead MoreAnalysis Of An Advertisement On Advertising1073 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of an Advertisement In people lives, they often see advertisements everywhere. People have different views. Some people think that ads can help them know the new products faster, and also they will provide more information about the new products for audiences. Consumers will choose things well by comparing the products. It’s very convenient for audiences. However, some people don t support ads. Because there are too many ads and they may make people feel bored and unhappy. Some adsRead More Analysis of an Advertisement Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of an Advertisement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We live in a fast paced society that is ruled by mass media. Every day we are bombarded by images of, perfect bodies, beautiful hair, flawless skin, and ageless faces that flash at us like a slide show. These ideas and images are embedded in our minds throughout our lives. Advertisements select audience openly and subliminally, and target them with their product. They allude to the fact that in order to be like the people in this advertisement you must use theirRead MoreAdvertisement Analysis: A Soft Sell Advertisement1435 Words   |  6 PagesAppealing to the audience The way that this advertisement is presented, it would be considered a soft sell. First off one idea behind a soft sell is that the brand is already established, and believe me Disney is already a well established company. There is so much happiness and positivity that is associated with Disney. It has been around for a long time and has grown exponentially world wide. Second the picture focuses mainly on the image of popular singer Taylor Swift, but she isnt just ordinaryRead MoreAnalysis of Advertisement Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Advertisement The first advert is of LOreal, is evidently publicizing an item for coloured hair. It is a famous and an eminent company, that aims to sell its wide range of products to women who are sophisticated, intellectual and interested in fashion, and who also probably have a high disposable income. The brand name takes up about 15% of the advert, which highlights its importance. LOREAL is written in large bold, block letters so as to familiarizeRead MoreAdvertisement Analysis Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertisement Analysis Expenditure on UK television advertising in 2002 was  £3.7 billion. This comes as no surprise considering the overwhelming effect advertising can have on its audience. Adverts can have an effect on our subconscious by using different techniques such as offering us not just a product, but a lifestyle. They give us motivation to buy a product: Wearing this perfume will make you more attractive, eating this food will make you funnier, your childrenRead MoreAdvertisement Analysis Report4813 Words   |  20 PagesThis is a report prepared for MKT337 course on advertising analysis. The purpose of this report on Advertisement analysis is to thorough analyze of electronic, print, outdoor and direct mail ads and look for elements that tell the reader something about that specific product or service of the ads. The report is focused on these basics in order to present a clear argument on how these advertisements can influence people’s attitudes towards a certain object or idea, and then analyze them carefully

Management and Organizations in a Global Environment E-Learning Activ

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Organizations in a Global Environmentfor E-Learning Activities. Answer: Introduction Behaviour and reaction of people in different situations differ depending on the characteristics of a person and their upbringing. In this report these very aspects of an individual will be discussed under certain situations. What happens when a person is put in various situations? How do they react and why they react in such ways are some of the questions that will be answered in this assignment. E-Learning Activities To what extent would you be capable of inflicting real pain (physical, mental and/or emotional) on another human being? Well, watching the video (Gearin,2012) really made me question my own ability to inflict pain on another human being or not. The fact that 65% of the people actually agreed to inflict pain as a result of obeying authorities makes chills travel down my vein. The answer to this question I believe lies in the fact that situations decide our reactions. Whether I will inflict pain on someone mentally, physically or emotionally depends on the person, on my emotional state and the level of torture I may go through before I can become someone who inflicts pain. In the case of physical pain I could still say a no, unless I am in the military and I am asked or expected to hurt someone for the safety of my nation. For that matter, any case of national security may cause me to inflict pain on someone so that I can extract as much information as I can so that I can protect the citizens of my country. However, in the case of emotional or mental pain, the chances of inflicting pain are higher than the former. For instance if I am an abused wife by my husband then I may try to hurt him emotionally by dating another man or hurl insults at him to hurt him emotionally or mentally. Similarly if I have a mother in law who makes my life miserable, chances are that I may say things equally bad or do things equally bad to inflict pain on her, I may not be someone who wants her to be happy and get revengeful. If I am a person who is of high conscience I may resist the urge to hurt someone, but how long? I believe as human beings we have learnt the art of de fending ourselves from the times of the early man. It is human instinct to attack when we are attacked, however, would I inflict physical, emotional and mental pain on someone who has not done anything to me or is not a threat to my country or anyone I know? The answer to that would be a clear, No. I am more likely to hurt someone who hurts me than hurt someone who didnt or who may not hurt me. (Whitbourn, 2013). E-Learning Activities Does your own personal decision-making always reflect an objective process? In an ideal world I would say that personal decisions should be made objectively and those are the ones that can be followed up and relied upon mostly than those that are taken depending on others or different situations. However, the world is not ideal always and neither are people. We are social animals and most of the times we want to be accepted in social settings and make decisions or choices based on how someone else would feel about it. We may not care about everyone, but we would definitely want to please that one person who is important to by taking a decision in their favour or according to their opinion. According to Myer Briggs research, there are 16 personality types, each behaving in their own capacity which is different from the other, be it in making decisions, their characteristics and the type of information they like. How people make decisions totally depends on the kind of person they are, the kind of environments they have been brought up in and the kind of peopl e they have lived and grown up with. (Faith, 2015). Does the desire to be accepted as a part of a group leave one susceptible to conforming to the groups norms? The answer to the above question cannot be in answered in perfect black and white. Again how a person reacts totally depends on their personality. The chances of conforming to the groups norms are higher in people who need constant affirmation on what they do or the decisions they take. People who have grown up wanting attention or lacked encouragement and love may feel the need to be accepted in the group they like and therefore might behave according to the preference of the group. They may do things the way the group likes or talk in a way that gives them the feeling of oneness with the group, they may also become a person they are not all because they need that acceptance and affirmation. However, there are a minority group of people who are not like the above. They are confident and secure, they believe in their instincts and have the courage to go against norms and challenge social groups. They may want to be accepted by the people they love but they will not compromise on who they are and would want to be accepted for who they are. A third category is more on the balanced side, who may accept that what the group is saying is wrong but may go with the groups decision sometimes just because they dont want to hurt the group. However they would categorically state that they dont agree with the groups decision but due to loyalty they would go with the decision of the group. (Lumen, n.d.) Identify and discuss situational factors that can enable a group to exert pressure strong enough to change a members attitude and behaviour. Different groups of people can exert pressure on a member to change their attitude or behaviour towards something according to what the group thinks is essential. For instance, any governmental authority can exert pressure on an official in the government fraternity in order to change their attitude and they are bound to accept such instructions. In a company a manager may exert pressure on his/her subordinates to change his mind on something that he feels is beneficial for the company and the employee is most likely to oblige as part of his job requirement unless it goes against his basic moral principle. Such pressure comes even within families that are closely knit. The oldest member of the family may deem it necessary that the members of the family obey his commands to change certain aspects of their behavior or attitude and in such a situation the members may have to follow the person out of sheer respect or in some cases out of fear too. Groups can also exert pressure only when the person on whom the pressure is exerted is someone who is not very strong in their opinions and is ready to follow their lead. Conclusion Our environment and the people we grow up with have a lot of influence on who we become. Those experiences shape us and make us react in ways we may not even imagine. It is these initial years of a persons life that decides who they will become and what will eventually come out of these experiences. References (Harvard) E. J. (2015). Do you decide issues objectively or subjectively? IDAHOSTATEJOURNAL. Available: https://idahostatejournal.com/pocatello/do-you-decide-issues-objectively-or-subjectively/article_4a88221c-965f-5fff-b73b-c82f441016e9.html. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017. M. (2012). Psychology study leaves Australians in shock. ABC. Net. Available: https://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3489852.htm. Last accessed 3rd May, 2017. HeroICLimagination TV. (2012). Asch Conformity Experiment. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lDhA;. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017. (n.d.). Conformity, Compliance and Obedience. Available: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wsu-sandbox/chapter/conformity-compliance-and-obedience/. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017. C. (n.d.). Principles of Social Psychology. 1st International Edition. Available: https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/obedience-power-and-leadership/. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017. (n.d.). Social Norms and Conformity. Available: https://psychology.iresearchnet.com/industrial-organizational-psychology/group-dynamics/social-norms-and-conformity/. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017. M. (2011). What Causes a Person to be intentionally cruel? Life as a human. Available: https://lifeasahuman.com/2011/mind-spirit/humanity/what-causes-a-person-to-be-intentionally-cruel/. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017. S. K. (2013). The Secrets behind Psychologys Most Famous Experiment. Psychology Today. Available: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201301/the-secrets-behind-psychology-s-most-famous-experiment. Last Accessed 3rd May, 2017.

Applying Ethical Theories Interpreting and Responding

Question: Discuss about the Applying Ethical Theory for Interpreting and Responding. Answer: Introduction Ethical theories refer to those theories that are set aside to systemize, defend and recommend on the concepts of right and wrong conduct. They seek to resolve the questions of human morality. In the field of ICT, there are classical ethical theories that determine the conducts that are needed to ensure that there is proper delivery and good work conduct. These days, most people involve in many ethical issues in information technology (IT). These issues can either be good impact or bad impact to the people especially the youth. Theories like Just Consequentialism are set to ensure that good morals are instilled in the Technology Department (Armstrong, Ketz, Owsen 2003).). As a result I examined ethical issues that all IT professionals need to consider as they go for their duties. The main ethical issues that are most likely to face during our duties include: privacy, ownership, control, accuracy and secuty. Therefore I try to examine the issues, how they affect our duties and the po ssible recommendations that need to be taken to ensure that we deliver our duties as expected. Classical Ethical Theory Ethics remain one of the most vital tools in our daily operations in places of work. Therefore organizations must implement various policies that aim at ensuring security in the ICT sector. Basically there are three ethical theories that aim at providing relevant information on how we need to conduct ourselves during our duties as IT professional. My case study has however specialized in exploring on the two most significant theories to ensure that IT professionals are educated on some of good and bad conduct that they may involve in during their duties. Just Consequentialism is a proposed theory that emphasizes the consequences of policies within the constraints of justice. This theory is a practical theory that approaches the ethical problems of computer and information ethics that holds the consequences of ones conduct as an ultimate basis for the judgment about the right and wrong conduct of an individual. This theory maintains that ethical judgment involve claims about the state of affairs that may be intrinsically good or intrinsically bad. The wrong actions such as cybercrime and privacy violation can be analyzed and then the best balance of good effects of such actions is restored. The idea of intrinsically good morals such maintaining privacy and regulation of internet access need to be maintained. The theory of Just Consequentialism therefore tries to instill the good moral over the intrinsically bad morals in the field of ICT. Cybercrime for example remains one of the intrinsically bad morals that derail the integrity of services that are offered by ICT. The second theory of ethical theory is Deontological theory. This is an important alternative to the Consequentialist theory. It maintains the statement that what one need to do cannot be explained in terms of goodness or badness of consequences (Granitz Loew 2007). Privacy is an issue with both the internal and external implications within our places of work. The information relation to compensation and background data and the personal identification information such as account identifiers need to be maintained and accessed by authorized persons. Security issues have risen in the past leading to mistrust within our places of work as IT professionals. Hackers have found it very easy to hack systems provided they are connected to internet. They use internet protocol address to access users computer and then collect data of the user without his or her knowledge for their own benefit. In the field of banking, online transfer of money has resulted to a lot of complains as a result of loss of money. These are hackers who are able to hack the account of a different user and transfer money to their account. This is an ethical issue that this theory tries to address to ensure that there exists integrity in banking processes. Copyright infringement is another area where ethical issues have emerged both positively and negatively (Pratt 1994). With the gradual increase in the development in music sharing networks, users of IT can easily gain access to such sites and share data with unauthorized people. Such activities become good news to some of users as this will save the cost of downloading music. However in the long run, they may be the ones to lose a lot as such shortcut may be cut down. These two theories have tried to reflect some of the ethical issues that are likely to affect us during our duties as IT users and professionals. Recommendations The aforementioned theories have reflected on some of the ethical issues that are experienced in the field of IT. As a result, my case study has conducted a well searched study to come out with some of the recommendations that army assist in regulation the wrong doing while maintaining the good doing during our duties. We as IT professionals need to ensure that we act as a good example to system users. One of the most significant recommendations that I can make concern security and related issues. Organizations must implement various policies that aim at ensuring security in the ICT sector. Conversely, these policies and controls should be regularly reviewed and reviewed to ensure that they are effective (Pratt James1994). The other appropriate recommendation is that organizations should partner with reputable ICT organizations. In so doing, they will benchmark on their strategies and practices that make them competitive. Conclusion It will be advantageous to people if they use technology ethically. It should be our responsibility to ensure that we deliver the best services and morals to the office and the people we serve. We should not abuse our position. It is imperative to note that ethics in ICT play an instrumental role in shaping how people use technology (Rossouw Van Vuuren 2013). Some of the key issues governed by ethical theories include hacking, cracking, security, violation of privacy and confidentiality and others. As such, all people involved in ICT activities should ensure that they carry themselves as prescribed by the ethical codes and standards. References Armstrong, M. B., Ketz, J. E., Owsen, D. (2003). Ethics education in accounting: Moving toward ethical motivation and ethical behavior.Journal of Accounting Education,21(1), 1-16. Granitz, N., Loewy, D. (2007). Applying ethical theories: Interpreting and responding to student plagiarism.Journal of Business Ethics,72(3), 293-306. Pratt, C. B. (1994). Applying classical ethical theories to ethical decision making in public relations Perrier's Product Recall.Management Communication Quarterly,8(1), 70-94. Pratt, C. B., James, E. L. (1994). Advertising ethics: A contextual response based on classical ethical theory.Journal of Business Ethics,13(6), 455-468. Rossouw, D., Van Vuuren, L. (2013).Business ethics. Oxford University Press.

Money and work performance

Introduction The idea of public service motivation can offer a partial explanation to this analysis. The Ideal of Public Service by O’Toole clearly demonstrates main differences between traditional and modern approaches to the study of what motivate people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money and work performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The traditional approach to a public service as an idea was a worthy thing to do, and a prescribed behaviour expected of public officials. Contemporary public service motivation approaches are using empirical research to discover why people seek jobs and remain in the public service, and whether the assumptions of earlier theories are correct (O’Toole, 2000). The idea and ideal of public service motivation is that those in official positions of public authority regard the interests of the whole society as being the guiding influence over all public decisio n-making, that their personal, class, or group interests are to be set aside when making decisions. In addition, they are public servants purely out of a perceived duty to serve the public. This idea emanated from earlier works of Aristotle and Plato which were Politics and Republic respectively. Public officials set aside personal interests. The idea is that he sees it as his duty to serve his community. The duty to serve the community surpasses a commitment to family, tribe, or self. Aristotle realized that it would be probably unrealistic and impossible for a man, naturally, a selfish animal, to do that, but as an ideal, it would have both inspirational and motivational force. Adam Smith, a moral philosopher and father of modern economic, filled the gap between naturalism and utilitarianism. He gave the natural order first school and individuals in the second. In his work of Moral Sentiments, he identifies six motives, which naturally derive human conducts. These are self-love, s ympathy, the desire to be free, a sense of propriety, a habit of labour, and the propensity to exchange, or trade (Roll, 1954). From these motives, he portrays a man as the best judge of his own best situations, and given a chance, he will not only get his own best advantage and balance his motives, but also strive for the common good. Types of motivational bases Some scholars have argued that there are three types of motivational bases, such as rational base motive, this includes participation in the processes such as policy formulation, commitment to programmes, and advocacy for a special or private interest.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The norm-based motive considers issues such as a desire to serve the public interest, loyalty to duty, and the government and social equity. Finally, the affective motive type of motivational base includes a commitment to programmes fro m a genuine conviction about its social importance, and patriotism of benevolence. These scholars further propose that people should connect their work motivation to individuals’ performance. For productive workers, managers should carefully attend to these different types of motivational base. Management should shift their focus to physical surroundings, concerns, and crises that may arise in work or personal lives. Accidents, diseases, and hazards such as stress generally result in low productivity and inefficiency, high turnover, absenteeism, and medical claims. When there is a deliberate effort by the workplace to reduce the incidence of these, both the agency and the employees benefit. There is a greater productivity when there is a healthier workforce, and a better quality of work life. â€Å"Many experts argue that people do their best work when they are motivated by a sense of purpose rather than the pursuit of money†. Explanation and critical evaluation Theore tical approaches We can look at this issue critically from the existing theories that support the idea of work and motivation. Equity Theory We can also refer to this theory as inequality theory. The main motivating force behind this theory is to strive for equity due to perceived degree of inequity. The equity theory operates on the principle of exchanges i.e. inputs and investment and outcomes. Employer must recognize the existence of these inputs and consider them relevant for them to function. If they are not, then a potential case of inequity may exist. Outcomes are various things an individual may receive. Inequity exists whereby the ratio of an individual’s outcomes to inputs departs to a significant degree from the ration perceived. Workers may feel under-rewarded if their inputs into a job are higher than what other workers put. Usually, this happens in cases where a worker considers himself hardworking, but has same or low salary as his colleagues. This theory does not limit itself to inequities that do not favour individuals alone. Equity, balance, or reciprocity exists when outcome and input ratios for the individual and the reference source are equal. Conversely, and the motivating force of inequity occurs when there is a departure either way from this steady state.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Money and work performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this theory, we can assert that money, which is a reward, may be the main cause of motivation in working rather than sense of purpose. Thus, a poorly paid employee will not perform at his best when the reward (money) is also poor. Goal-setting theory Goal-setting theory relates higher levels of intended achievements to higher levels of performances. Theory further stretches that when an individual has specific goals or standards of performance to meet, the performance effects would be more pronounced than when sp ecific goals are missing. Goal achievement leads to the pleasurable emotional state we call satisfaction; failure to achieve a goal leads to un-pleasurable state of dissatisfaction. Goal commitment focuses on performance as a direct consequence form of motivation. However, a commitment to a goal depends on a set of factors, such as authority, peer groups, publicness of goal statement, incentives, punishments, satisfaction, goal intensity, competition, and attribution. These sets of factors may influence the commitment level of perceived ability or expectancy of attaining a given goal. Although scholars have taken several positions with regard to goal-setting and motivation, the theory does not make any assumptions based on the effectiveness of varied methods individuals may use to set their goals. The focus of theory is on motivational mechanisms rather than the methods used for setting goals. Therefore, we can say that the theory does not regard money has the basis of the best perf ormance but rather the commitment to goal achievement. Two-factor theory Frederick Herzberg prefers to refer to this theory as motivation-hygiene. Two-factor theory has a dual nature approach to sources of job satisfaction, and finally job motivation. This theory considers job satisfaction as an â€Å"outgrowth of achievement, recognition (verbal), work (challenging), responsibility, and advancement (promotion)† (Frederick, 1966). The presence of all these in a job â€Å"satisfy basic needs, positive feeling and improved performance will occur† (Frederick, 1966). There are five intrinsic aspects of the work itself that satisfy personal growth and self-actualization (Frederick, 1966). Job dissatisfactions results under conditions where work takes place and these conditions may include company policies, administrative practices, supervision, interpersonal relations, working environment (physical), job security, benefits, and salary. We refer to these as hygiene factors.A dvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Availability of these factors eliminates job dissatisfaction and improves performance, up to a certain level. For exceptional achievement, management must now turn to motivation. Job must provide an enabling environment for workers so that they can achieve meaningful goals. This is the intrinsic scope of work. Employees must have control over the job to enable them realise a sense of personal growth and achievement. From Herzberg’s point of view, money is not among the five intrinsic scope of motivation. Money only features in cases where it may be the cause of job dissatisfaction. In short, we do not need money to perform the best work. Vroom’s Theory of Work and Motivation Vroom’s theory puts forward the idea that people tend to prefer certain goals or outcomes over others. Experiences of feelings of satisfaction relate to certain outcomes (valence). Employees prefer a positive valence as an outcome and vice verse (Vroom, 1964). Intrinsic motivation is the des ire for competence and self-determination. Workers can achieve a sense of motivation by freely choosing work or what to do. This enhances a sense of self-determination and competence through the use of positive feedback. Money is a part of extrinsic reward. Employees highly regard extrinsic rewards because of control and informational (feedback) aspects they possess. Motivation will only occur where there is a noticeable and positive feedback. Thus, money is essential in motivating workers perform their best but not among the intrinsic drives that motivate people to work. Money and Motivation Houran notes that people should not work without payment (Houran 2012). Pursuing money to cater for the family and offer the necessary comfort and security is reasonable and is different from seeking money with ill motives. People should earn fair wages depending on works they do. Likewise, employers should also know about this. Thus, money becomes the centre of focus between the employer and e mployee, which should not be the case. This because most of the above theories indicate that money is necessary but not an intrinsic source of motivation and best job performance. Scholars have concluded that money involve two main issues. First, money as an incentive is necessary but also relies on the organisation and working conditions to make it effective. Organisations have different cultures of rewarding their employees with money. Organisations should learn under what conditions financial incentives become effective. They must also note changes such incentives draw from employees. Second, financial rewards work best when employees receive them as groups. This is because most organisations insist on team works for best performances. This implies that organisations that have cultures of rewarding individuals only serve to encourage individualism and disregard for team work. Therefore, for an organisation to maintain high productivity, it must reward people as groups or teams. W e have established that money is not the most important or effective source of motivating employees. There are other forms of motivation that organisations can apply so as to motivate their workforces. According to job characteristics theory, there are five main ways an organisation can motivate its workforce. Management can enhance work motivation by implementing these factors among employees so that they can perform at their best. Autonomy, this is where employees have personal feelings of responsibility for their works and considers the outcomes their own. Task significance, the job has significance influence over employees. Task identity, people prefer to use their personally valued skills to complete a task. The employee can notice a sense of a job beginning and ending. Thus, he can see the final transformation product of his work. Variety, the worker derives motivation from performing a number of truly challenging tasks. Thus, the worker must use his different and important se t of skills. Feedback, this shows the level of a task accomplishment. The feedback may come from a work itself or from the manager. A part from the above factors, employees can also get job motivation from rotation. This mainly works to eliminate job boredom and monotony. It may involve performing different roles in an organisation periodically. Job rotation offers the balance and employee needs in order to avoid job boredom and enhance job satisfaction and motivation. Management may use these factors to enhance motivation and job experience among workers. However, some factors like individual trait and motives influence the work outcome and motivation. Therefore, any plan to enhance job motivation and best performances require careful planning. Conclusion Holzer and Callahan argue that institutions that have been the recipients of exemplary awards use various state-of-the-art approaches for motivating people (Holzer and Callahan, 1998). People recognise money has important motivato r, but it is not the only motivator. High-achieving agencies integrate human, resource management policies, plans and processes. Many workers get motivation from the desire to find someplace where management recognise their qualities, regarded as human beings with aspirations, where they experience the purpose of their work, and where they have the opportunity to be consulted on matters that have impacts on their working lives. Factors such as improved working and relationship management, communication, training to improve skills, and improving the physical, working environment may all serve to motivate the workforce in any working environment. Strategic motivation should consider the old theories of motivational to be important, but strategic motivation goes beyond these methods and techniques. Identification, recognition, and application are some of the modern, dynamic systems of motivation that can create a mission-driven team of performers. According to Farazmand, some of the ex amples of these high-road and visionary motivational forces include (Farazmand, 2002), Creation and instilment of a â€Å"real purpose† of â€Å"public service† among strategic person; Promotion of trust with a promise of future career beyond the narrow notion of â€Å"careerism,† a sense of belonging to the organization, to the cause they serve, and to their nation as well as to the faith they cherish; Maintaining a sound compensation system that is both equitable and efficient in order to not only prevent organizational brain drain but also attract the most competent talents to the public service; Create an inter-organizational mobility and rotation system that would enable both organizations and strategic personnel to move freely without obstacles; and Promote the â€Å"knowledge and skill-base† of these strategic people periodically to keep them up to date and equipped with the cutting-edge knowledge they need to manage, and function, in the organiza tions in the information age. This can be done by in-service training programs, seminars, conferences, and workshops (Farazmand, 2002). Reference List Daft, R. 2010, Organization Theory and Design, 10th ed, South – Western College, Cincinnati, Ohio. Farazmand, A. 2002, Modern Organizations: Theory and Practice, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT. Frederick, H. 1966, Work and the Nature of Man, World Press, Cleveland. Holzer, M. and Callahan, K. 1998, Government at Work: Best Practices and Model Programs, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California. Houran, J. n.d., Money and Employee Motivation. Web. McClelland, D. 1985, ‘How Motives, Skills, and Values Determine What People Do’, American Psychologist, vol. 3 no. 40, pp. 812–25. O’Toole, B. 2000, The Ideal of Public Service: Reflections on the Higher Civil Service in Britain, Routledge, Abingdon, UK. Roll, E. 1954, History of economic thought, Faber and Faber, London. Vroom, V. 1964, Work and Motivation, Wiley, New York. This essay on Money and work performance was written and submitted by user Ada O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Pauls Case

â€Å"The Cause-Effect Essay† PAUL’S CASE In the short story of Willa Cather, Paul’s Case, there is only one main character whose name is Paul and all the events occur around him. Because of some supporting deficiencies like emotions and wealth, the story ends in tragedy and Paul commits suicide. In my opinion, there are some causes of this event, but the most important two is his uncaring instructors and his father’s abuse. Generally, Paul has some psychological problems and they reflect to his environment. First of all, he doesn’t love his school and he wants to leave it in order to play in the theatre, because he has a great desire for theatre. I think, he wants to be a famous person and he believes that it will bring a wealthy life for him. Because of hating school, he faces with some sorts of problems like shouting at his teachers and throwing chalk to blackboard. In addition to this, his instructors do not help him psychologically and they choose discharging him from the school. In my opinion, this is a very important cause of his commited suicide, because I think, his life completely becomes worse after this event. Another important cause of Paul’s death is his father’s abuse and thoughtlessness of him. In the most important term of Paul’s need of support, his father is not beside him, and he does not respect to his son’s ideas and decisions such as Paul ’s ideas about school. I think, it affects Paul much more negatively and he becomes unable to find a means at the end of the story. There are also some contributive causes of this tragedy like Paul’s desire for a wealthy, glamourous life, his indifferent classmates and lack of money, but I think, the most important cause is the lack of support as I have given my examples. In my opinion, if there had been a good psychological support from his environment, he would not commit suicide.... Free Essays on Paul's Case Free Essays on Paul's Case Elements of â€Å"Paul’s Case† Willa Cather’s, â€Å"Paul’s Case,† uses characterization, irony, and symbolism to tell the story of Paul, who never felt he belonged, but who never wanted to, either. Paul submerges himself in anything to do with art. All through his life, Paul tries to escape from his duties, and he finally escapes from life itself by committing suicide. Cather’s use of characterization begins with her physical description of Paul. As Paul enters the principal’s office, he is smiling and wearing a carnation in his button hole. Cather goes on to note that Paul is tall and thin, but it is her description of his eyes that is the most telling. â€Å"His eyes were remarkable for a certain hysterical brilliancy, and he continually used them in a conscious, theatrical sort of way, peculiarly offensive in a boy.† Therefore, Paul was at least very feminine and probably homosexual. (4) This sets the tone for the whole story. Paul does not feel he belongs anywhere in his middle class, suburban life. He uses art to escape from all of what he feels, â€Å"is stupid and ugly in his existence.† (4) Though he was â€Å"utterly without talent,† he â€Å"hopelessly deluded† himself â€Å"into believing he can nourish himself through life.† (5) Paul is also characterized as a compulsive liar. â€Å" . . . Paul was quite accustomed to lying; found it, indeed, indispensable for overcoming friction.† (1) The friction he has to overcome is that in his quiet, suburban community, his homosexual feelings would never be accepted. Having lied about this for so long, everything else just comes natural. Eventually his lies cause him to be expelled from school. () Paul’s obsession with all forms of art is his only escape from life. His after school job at Carnegie Hall allows him to listen to music there, and he also enjoys visiting art museums by himself. This characterization of Paul overlaps into the element of irony.... Free Essays on Paul's Case â€Å"The Cause-Effect Essay† PAUL’S CASE In the short story of Willa Cather, Paul’s Case, there is only one main character whose name is Paul and all the events occur around him. Because of some supporting deficiencies like emotions and wealth, the story ends in tragedy and Paul commits suicide. In my opinion, there are some causes of this event, but the most important two is his uncaring instructors and his father’s abuse. Generally, Paul has some psychological problems and they reflect to his environment. First of all, he doesn’t love his school and he wants to leave it in order to play in the theatre, because he has a great desire for theatre. I think, he wants to be a famous person and he believes that it will bring a wealthy life for him. Because of hating school, he faces with some sorts of problems like shouting at his teachers and throwing chalk to blackboard. In addition to this, his instructors do not help him psychologically and they choose discharging him from the school. In my opinion, this is a very important cause of his commited suicide, because I think, his life completely becomes worse after this event. Another important cause of Paul’s death is his father’s abuse and thoughtlessness of him. In the most important term of Paul’s need of support, his father is not beside him, and he does not respect to his son’s ideas and decisions such as Paul ’s ideas about school. I think, it affects Paul much more negatively and he becomes unable to find a means at the end of the story. There are also some contributive causes of this tragedy like Paul’s desire for a wealthy, glamourous life, his indifferent classmates and lack of money, but I think, the most important cause is the lack of support as I have given my examples. In my opinion, if there had been a good psychological support from his environment, he would not commit suicide.... Free Essays on Paul's Case The short story "Paul’s Case" by Willa Cather illustrates the problems of a young man, named Paul, growing up and taking on the responsibility of finding out who he is, and what he wants from life. The story contains many symbols, which add meaning to the story. Some of the major symbols present in "Paul’s Case" are: the flowers, Cordelia street, the Carnegie Hall, and Paul’s house. The flowers play an integral role in the story. They symbolize Paul throughout the story. For instance, at the beginning of the story, Paul is wearing a bright red carnation in his lapel. This declares Paul’s independence from the other students, and shows that Paul is different than the other students at his school. At the end of the story, when Paul buries the flowers in the snow, he signifies that he was going to bury another wilted flower, himself. Another major symbol in the story is "Cordelia Street", the street that Paul lives on. Paul absolutely hated the street he lived on and even more he hated his house. Every time he came home "he experienced the physical depression, the loathing of respectable beds, of common food, of a house penetrated by kitchen odors." Paul’s house, and "Cordelia Street" symbolize Paul’s life, and his disliking of his house and his street, represent his hatred toward it. Paul isn’t happy with his life because he isn’t able to live it the way he wants. He constantly dreams about "movin’ on up" and living life in a high society. The Carnegie Hall, which was the place Paul worked, is another one of the major symbols in the story. It symbolizes the life that Paul dreams of having. While he worked at the Carnegie Hall, Paul watched the actors and actresses move about in their fancy attire and live in the most luxurious hotels suites. Paul had always wanted to be like the actors, and that’s the reason he enjoyed working as an usher at the Carnegie Hall. When Paul’s father stopped him fr...

Short primary source essay World War II & the post-war world

Short primary source World War II & the post-war world - Essay Example The World War II severely razed lots of civilians making it a backcloth for genocide killings. It involved the killings by Nazi Germany and other mass slaughters of non-combats. Japan did an extermination of millions of Chinese and Korean nationals. The Soviet Union also carried out mass killings internally with Allies bombing no-combatants in Germany and Japanese. The war ended with the number of dead being more than fifty million. World War II involved battles that were fought in the air, on land and at sea. Among the well documented wars are as follows; Battle of Britain (1940), Stalingrad, El Alamein (1942-1943), Battle of Bugle (1944-1945) and Iwo Jima (1945). In 1944, there was a famous D-Day landing that was considered a turning point in the event of war. It did result to deliverance of Paris, and giving room for Allied forces to draw near Germany. The years after the end of the World War II have seen a remarkable change in Europe and the entire world it once dominated. Before the war, the world was in two spheres led by an exterior power: western sphere by United States and Eastern sphere by Soviet Union. The European countries that dominated colonial empires since Renaissance did lose their power for good. It is in these years that new European initiatives like economic cooperation between countries and political unions were been formed to exceptional extents. It brought the most possessions in the European history. Though Europe’s mighty declined, its impact continues overseas. World War II did leave a power gap in Europe. Initially, Germany, France and Britain were Europe’s leaders and world’s superpowers. The weakness resulting from the World War II left them outranked by United States and the Soviet Union. The two superpowers used Europe as their ground for conflicts. There emerged a cold war between the superpowers with the first round in 1949